Sometimes it’s hard to justify time spent reading novels and other books, especially when I have a list a couple pages long of things that need to be done. Instead of full bookshelves, I could have a clean house, or have made some nice handcrafts, or I could be in better shape, or have a more interesting blog. I also would be a nicer person if I didn’t stay up late to finish my latest library find. Of course, a lot of my reading is crammed into little pockets of time spent waiting for kids or waiting for appointments or hiding in the bathroom, so that time would have been empty if not filled with reading, but occasionally I feel like I have to apologize for the hours I spend between covers.
Which is why I nabbed Nancy Malone’s
Walking a Literary Labyrinth: A Spirituality of Reading when I saw it on the end of the library shelf. Once I wrote a paper on the sacramentality of reading, so when I saw the subtitle, I again kicked myself on not doing something with that paper, although in reality it was a rambling mess that probably bordered on heretical.
Malone’s book is primarily a memoir of a reading life. Her story is interesting – she is an Ursuline nun who found healing in books after struggling with a midlife dark night of the soul that turned into alcoholism. But I picked up Malone’s book to find theological arguments for why it is okay to read instead of doing the dishes in the evening. And I found some good evidence. Malone doesn’t just provide a story about how reading changed her in multiple ways, although reading was a means of conversion, similar to St. Augustine’s “take and read” moment. She also makes a case for reading, not spiritual books, but novels and biographies, as a form of meditation and participation in the communion of saints.
It’s a pretty easy conclusion to make: Reading and meditation resemble each other – you are alone, silent, still, attentive, engaged:
"These moments of wholeness, experienced sometimes in reading, sometimes in prayer, give us hints at what can be said about spirituality and reading, about a spirituality of reading. Such is the human condition, however, that even when we devote ourselves entirely to a book (or to prayer) we don’t bring a completed, finished self to it. Think, for instance, of the novels that spoke to you when you were eighteen, that you regard as superficial or exaggerated now. Or think of revisiting one of the classics, only to discover a different, deeper book than the one you read decades ago. It’s not the books that have changed. It is you yourself".
So reading, even when it doesn’t seem to change you outwardly, can still effect a conversion – the soul engaged in reading is in motion, a soul growing, not stagnating.
Malone also points out how, like contemplative prayer, reading takes us out of ourselves. It engages us in conversation with another mind, who instructs and refines our way of thinking. She uses the image of the labyrinth to describe the search for the “true self” in the sense of Thomas Merton’s usage as God within, a search that is circular and that moves both inward and outward toward others. Reading should be a conversation between the self and others - “an exchange of selves” with the book, the author, the characters, the people who read that book. It should force us to ask questions and reflect to understand, to become “discerning, responsible readers.” This questioning pulls us out of ourselves. In the total immersion of reading, we transcend ourselves. Malone clarifies: “what I mean by a spirituality of reading – the search for the true self in reading, for the self that sees the world with the faith that Jesuit Bernard Lonergan calls ‘the eye of love.’”
It’s not a hard argument to make, that books teach us to love. When we enter into the world of a book, we see with someone else’s eyes. We become more compassionate. Writers create worlds with their words, and we become co-creators in our imaginations. We form relationships with our books when we spend time with them. Books become our friends; they help us enter into the communion of saints. Words take flesh, as Malone points out – a kind of transubstantiation. Even secular reading can be a religious experience in this sense. Malone particularly likes biographies because they “refract the mystery of a human life, with its challenges, accomplishments, failures, and suffering, and a human personality in its ineluctable givenness.” They answer the question of what life is about.
Malone continues to compare reading to contemplative prayer when she writes about how reading teaches us to avoid distraction. I loved this quote: “A good book can create a little hermitage for some people anywhere, even in an airport waiting room.” And this one from Romano Guardini’s
The Spirit of the Liturgy – “The soul must learn to abandon, at least in prayer, the restlessness of purposeful activity; it must learn to waste time for the sake of God. . . . it must learn not to be continually yearning to do something, to attack something, to accomplish something useful, but to play the divinely ordained game of the liturgy in liberty and beauty and holy joy before God.” When we’re reading a good book, we aren’t yearning to be doing something else; we’re totally involved in the story. All of our senses are engaged.
And when our senses are engaged, we are delighting in creation. Good writing gives us pleasure; it teaches us to love like Augustine’s love for God from
Confessions:
“What is it that I love when I love my God? … It is a certain light that I love and melody and fragrance and embrace that I love when I love my God – a light, melody, fragrance, food, embrace of the God-within, where, for my soul, that shines which space does not contain; that sounds which time does not sweep away; that is fragrant which the breeze does not dispel; and that tastes sweet which, fed upon, is not diminished; and that clings close which no satiety disports – this is what I love when I love my God.”
Malone also tells how Ignatius of Loyola found spiritual consolation as from reading the life of Christ – it energized him for missionary work, while romances sapped his spirit, and left him lethargic. She also recounts Virginia Woolf’s story from her essay “How One Should Read a Book” about how St. Peter gives out rewards to different saints, but when he sees a reader, he comments that Heaven has nothing to offer people who have loved to read.
Malone remarks on some of the pleasures of reading: intellectual, humor, sensual, the “joy of recognition.” She sees herself in characters from
Middlemarch, and in a book about an alcoholic I’m unfamiliar with:
Under the Volcano by Malcolm Lowry. Books create connection. “Books contain both our memories and our hopes, shape them, in some cases create them.” Wayne Booth puts it like this in
The Rhetoric of Fiction: “There is a pleasure from learning the simple truth, and there is pleasure from learning that the truth is not simple.” We enjoy insights into human complexity. We enjoy grammatically complex language that reflects our complexity.
And sometimes we’re like Kafka, and like books that shake us: Kafka recommends books “That bite and sting us. If the book we are reading doesn’t shake us awake like a blow on the skull, why bother reading it in the first place? What we need are books that hit us like a most painful misfortune, like the death of someone we loved more than we love ourselves, that make us feel as thought we had been banished to the woods, far from any human presence, like a suicide. A book must be the axe for the frozen sea within us.”
Even if some books do not change us themselves, they help us see how life changes us. We recognize truth in statements like Zossima’s observation that “love in action is a harsh and dreadful thing compared to love in dreams” from
The Brothers Karamazov.
This delight in recognition and in the beauty and unity of a story is a spiritual delight. Imagination is necessary both for reading and faith. Great writers are part of “so great a cloud of witnesses” -- “they have finely observed and given testimony to the mysteries of life and personality to motive, intention, and action, to passion and suffering and death, to love and hatred, to hope and fear, to evil, to bliss, to the beauty of nature and our powerlessness under its ravages, to our struggle with human movements and institutions, to our search for meaning and the good, and some of them, explicitly, to our search for God.”
Reading gives us “Hope that there is a God whose extravagant fecundity is the source of the mysterious creative impulse of the artists among us. That there is in life the kind of wholeness achieved in a great work of literature – a master narrative in which, though we cannot always see how, your story and mine have their part.”
Since reading is often a contemplation of love, it helps us to be in love. Malone quotes Thomas Keating, a Cistercian monk in lecture “the Human Condition”: “If we have not experienced ourselves as unconditional love, then we have more work to do, because that is who we really are.” Reading and writing help us love without restrictions, to see with “the eye of love.”
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As I was reading this book, I also learned about some trials that some friends are experiencing – one a sick child, the other a philandering husband. I don’t know that either of these friends are big readers. But it crossed my mind that if I were in their situations, books would be my props to keep standing. I remember writing in my high school journal once after reading some book about adultery that I thought that I would be able to forgive my husband for infidelity because so many people fail in so many ways. I think whatever I had read gave me some tortured understanding about the capacity of the soul for sin and redemption. Maybe the book I had read made the communal devastation of a failed marriage seem worse than remaining in a marriage in which trust had been compromised. Maybe reading had made me feel that no person is deserving of complete trust. We all fail in that. Only God never betrays us. Even when He allows us to suffer pains like a child who is ill. And stories help us deal with these pains, both by giving us a framework to fit our experience into and by giving us examples of others who have suffered and survived, and by giving us other worlds to hide in while we're suffering.